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Peer-Reviewed · NEJM · JAMA · The Lancet

Clinical Research on GLP-1 Weight Loss Medications

A structured reference library of landmark clinical trials and research on semaglutide and tirzepatide for medical weight management. All studies are published in peer-reviewed journals. Citation data and PMID numbers are provided for independent verification.

Evidence-based reference Peer-reviewed sources only PMID numbers included

Content is for educational reference only. No treatment decisions should be based on this page alone. Provider approval required.

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Important: All clinical data on this page represents group averages from randomized controlled trials. These figures do not predict, guarantee, or imply any individual outcome. Results vary significantly. EdenRx does not conduct clinical research — we reference published peer-reviewed work for educational purposes.

Semaglutide — STEP Trial Program

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.

STEP 1
New England Journal of Medicine2021384(11):989–1002PMID: 33567185

Key Finding

~15% mean weight loss at 68 weeks vs. ~2.4% placebo in non-diabetic adults (n=1,961)

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Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2)

Davies M, Færch L, Jeppesen OK, et al.

STEP 2
The Lancet2021397(10278):971–984PMID: 33667626

Key Finding

~10% mean weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes vs. ~3.4% placebo

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Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

Wadden TA, Bailey TS, Billings LK, et al.

STEP 3
JAMA2021325(14):1403–1413PMID: 33591975

Key Finding

~16% mean weight loss with intensive behavioral therapy vs. ~5.7% in placebo + behavioral therapy group

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Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes

Rubino DM, Greenway FL, Khalid U, et al.

STEP 8
JAMA2022327(2):138–150PMID: 35015037

Key Finding

Direct head-to-head: semaglutide produced greater mean weight loss than liraglutide over 68 weeks

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Tirzepatide — SURMOUNT Trial Program

Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity

Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al.

SURMOUNT-1
New England Journal of Medicine2022387(3):205–216PMID: 35658024

Key Finding

~15–22% mean weight loss at 72 weeks (dose-dependent) vs. ~2% placebo in non-diabetic adults (n=2,539)

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Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2)

Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, et al.

SURMOUNT-2
The Lancet2023402(10402):613–626PMID: 37385285

Key Finding

~13–15% mean weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes vs. ~3.3% placebo

View on PubMed
GLP-1 Mechanisms & Background Research

The Pharmacology of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Drucker DJ.

Review
Cell Metabolism202234(9):1295–1313PMID: 35998546

Key Finding

Comprehensive mechanistic review of GLP-1 receptor pharmacology including appetite regulation, gastric emptying, and cardiovascular effects

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Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance

Friedman JM.

Review
Nature Metabolism20191(8):754–764PMID: 32694720

Key Finding

Foundational research on hormonal weight regulation that contextualizes why pharmacological approaches are clinically relevant

View on PubMed

Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss

Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al.

Observational
New England Journal of Medicine2011365(17):1597–1604PMID: 22029981

Key Finding

Demonstrated that hormonal signals promoting weight regain persist for at least 1 year after weight loss — a biological basis for medication-assisted approaches

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About This Reference Page

How to Cite This Page

Journalists, researchers, and content creators are welcome to reference this page. When citing, please attribute source studies directly (NEJM, JAMA, The Lancet) and note that EdenRx curated this reference for educational purposes.

Verification

Every study listed includes a PubMed ID (PMID) for independent verification. We encourage readers to access original publications. EdenRx does not modify or cherry-pick data — full context is available in the linked source materials.

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